Procaine (Vitamin H3) is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block.

Trimethoprim (NSC-106568) is a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor Antibacterial. The mechanism of action of trimethoprim is as a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibitor, and Organic Cation Transporter 2 Inhibitor.

N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is a potent hepatocarcinogenic dialkylnitrosoamine primarily found in water, tobacco smoke, cheddar cheese, cured and fried meals, and many alcoholic beverages. NDEA is responsible for changes in nuclear enzymes related to DNA repair/replication and induces various tumors in all animal species, targeting mainly the liver, nasal cavity, trachea, lung, and esophagus.

Thymidine (DThyd) is a cell synchronizing agent and a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid. Thymidine inhibits DNA synthesis and can cause cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase.

Guanidine hydrochloride (Aminoformamidine Hydrochloride) is a strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a uracil analog and inhibitor of DNA synthesis, exhibiting antitumor activity by affecting pyrimidine synthesis through thymidylate synthase inhibition; it induces apoptosis and autophagy.

L-Lysine (Aminutrin) is one of nine essential amino acids in humans required for growth and tissue repair, Lysine is supplied by many foods, especially red meats, fish, and dairy products. Lysine seems to be active against herpes simplex viruses and present in many forms of diet supplements. The mechanism underlying this effect is based on the viral need for amino acid arginine; lysine competes with arginine for absorption and entry into cells. Lysine inhibits HSV growth by knocking out arginine.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a DNA alkylating agent with blood-brain barrier permeability and oral activity. Temozolomide has antitumor activity and antiangiogenic activity, and also induces apoptosis and autophagy. Temozolomide is stable under acidic conditions and hydrolyzes under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions.