Avelumab

Avelumab is a humanized anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody that binds to PD-L1 with high specificity (Kd = 0.1 nM) and exhibits potential antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Avelumab exerts a dual mechanism of action, combining direct antitumor activity with ADCC. Avelumab is used in research on cancers such as Merkel cell carcinoma.

Methods: Tumor cells were seeded onto E-Plates, then treated with NK cells and antibodies (10 μg/mL) at different ratios (1:5, 1:10, 1:50). xCELLigence real-time analysis monitored changes in cell index over 24–48 hours.
Results: Avelumab induced stronger NK cell-mediated tumor cell killing (ADCC effect) in a dose-dependent manner. [1]

HEK293

Female C57BL/6 mice are used in this study. Subcutaneous tumor injections are carried out by inoculating C57BL/6 mice with 1×105 MB49 parental cells on the right shaved flank. Tumor growth is measured with calipers and 8 days post-inoculation mice are assigned to treatment groups. Tumor-bearing mice are treated with Avelumab (400 μg per 100 μL) and injected i.p. three times, 3 days apart. Since Avelumab is a human IgG1, three injections have to be compressed within a 7 to 9 day window (i.e., days 9, 12, and 15 post-tumor inoculation) to avoid the onset of neutralizing mouse anti-human Ig[3].

Human

Monoclonal

Unconjugated