Manelimab is a humanized monoclonal antibody fusion protein (immunocytokine) targeting the human interleukin-10 receptor alpha subunit (IL-10Ra). IL-10Ra is a critical component of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 signaling pathway. Manelimab specifically binds to and activates the IL-10Ra receptor, mimicking the biological functions of IL-10 and inducing the phosphorylation of the downstream JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. This activation significantly inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-alpha, IL-1b, and IL-6) and enhances the polarization of immunosuppressive macrophages. This immunocytokine has potential applications in the research of autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and as an immunotherapy to modulate the tumor microenvironment.