4-Nitrophenol

4-Nitrophenol is a synthetic phenolic compound and an organic synthetic intermediate for drugs such as acetaminophen (Paracetamol). 4-Nitrophenol can be used in the preparation of fungicides, dyes, and leather treatment agents, and is commonly applied in the fine chemicals industry and organic synthesis research.

Method: NHPrE1 normal human prostate epithelial progenitor cells were treated with 4-Nitrophenol (10 μmol/L) for different time periods (2, 4, 8, 24 h), and LC3 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR; NHPrE1 cells were treated with 4-Nitrophenol (10 μmol/L) for 8 h, and the protein expression levels of LC3-I/II, Beclin-1, and p62 were detected by Western blot.
Result: 4-Nitrophenol treatment increased LC3 mRNA expression in NHPrE1 cells, reaching a peak at 8 h; the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and Beclin-1 protein expression were increased, while p62 expression was decreased, indicating that 4-Nitrophenol induced autophagy activation in NHPrE1 cells ^[1].
Method: NHPrE1 cells were treated with 4-Nitrophenol (10 μmol/L) for 24 h, and SOD activity, GSH-Px activity, and MDA levels were measured using biochemical assay kits.
Result: Compared with the control group, the 4-Nitrophenol-treated group showed significantly increased MDA levels and significantly decreased SOD and GSH-Px activities, indicating that 4-Nitrophenol induced oxidative stress in NHPrE1 cells ^[1].
Method: NHPrE1 cells were treated with 4-Nitrophenol (10 μmol/L) for 24 h, cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay, Cleaved-caspase-3 expression was detected by Western blot, and apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining.
Result: 4-Nitrophenol treatment significantly reduced NHPrE1 cell viability, increased Cleaved-caspase-3 expression, and increased the number of apoptotic cells, indicating that 4-Nitrophenol induced apoptosis in NHPrE1 cells ^[1].
Method: Recombinant yeast reporter gene systems expressing human estrogen receptor α or human androgen receptor were treated with 4-Nitrophenol, and β-galactosidase activity was measured.
Result: 4-Nitrophenol exhibited estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities ^[2].

Method: Ovariectomized immature female rats were subcutaneously injected with 4-Nitrophenol (1, 10, 100 mg/kg/d) for 7 consecutive days. After sacrifice, uterine weight was measured, and plasma FSH and LH levels were detected.
Result: Uterine weight was significantly increased in the 10 and 100 mg/kg/d dose groups, to approximately 125% of the control value, while plasma FSH and LH levels showed no significant change ^[2].
Method: Castrated immature male rats were subcutaneously implanted with silastic tubing (5 mm) containing crystalline testosterone and simultaneously injected subcutaneously with 4-Nitrophenol (0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/kg/d) for 5 consecutive days. After sacrifice, the weights of seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, levator ani/bulbocavernosus muscles, glans penis, and Cowper's glands were measured, and plasma FSH and LH levels were detected.
Result: At the 0.1 mg/kg/d dose, the weights of seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, levator ani/bulbocavernosus muscles, and glans penis were significantly decreased, while plasma FSH and LH levels were significantly increased, demonstrating anti-androgenic effects ^[2].