nematodes

Pyrantel pamoate (Pyrantel embonate) is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. This compound is commonly used as an anthelmintic to treat parasitic worm infections, effectively paralyzing nematodes by inhibiting their neuromuscular activity.

Selamectin (UK-124114) is a macrocyclic lactone derivative of ivermectin, an anthelmintic that potentiates glutamate- and GABA-gated chloride channel opening in nematodes. In an H. contortus larval development assay, selamectin (0.1 μg ml) shows the effect of growth inhibition.

Amyl-2-Methylbutyrate (Pentyl 2-methylbutanoate) shows nematicidal activity against pine wood nematodes and can be used to study nematicides.

Nerolidol acetate is a natural sesquiterpene with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-insect activities. Nerolidol acetate can inhibit parasite activity and inhibit schistosomiasis, nematodes, malaria, etc. Nerolidol acetate protects cells from oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA, and has a protective effect on mouse hippocampal nerve cells.

Tioxazafen is a disubstituted oxadiazole, and is a broad-spectrum seed treatment nematicide.

UK-124114 (Selamectin) is a macrocyclic lactone derivative of ivermectin, an anthelmintic that potentiates glutamate- and GABA-gated chloride channel opening in nematodes. In an H. contortus larval development assay, selamectin (0.1 μg ml) shows the effect of growth inhibition.

Pyrantel is a nicotinic receptor agonist and a depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes.

Avenacoside B can be extracted from oats and has antinematode activity, which enhances osteogenic activity.

Haloxon is an organophosphorus anthelmintic. Haloxon is used against nematodes of the abomasum and small intestine in ruminants.

UM-C162, a benzimidazole derivative, offers protection to nematodes from Staphylococcus aureus infections. It inhibits biofilm formation without impairing bacterial viability. Additionally, UM-C162 disrupts the production of Staphylococcus aureus hemolysins, proteases, and coagulases. This compound holds potential as an antivirulence agent for managing Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Fluopimomide (LH2010A), a powerful insecticide, is extensively utilized in the control of agricultural pests. It adversely affects the growth, locomotor behavior, reproduction, and lifespan of nematodes. Concurrently, it leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulation of lipids and lipofuscins, as well as a rise in malondialdehyde content. Additionally, Fluopimomide inhibits the antioxidant system of nematodes.

Isazofos is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide and nematicide effective in controlling a variety of lawn pests, such as nematodes (Radopholus similis). It also demonstrates efficacy in managing rice gall midge.

AChE-IN-83 (compound f1) is an AChE inhibitor that suppresses nematode growth and acetylcholinesterase activity in rice seeds while being safe for the seeds. It specifically targets Aphelenchoides besseyi, with an LC50 of 19.0 μg mL over 48 hours. AChE-IN-83 impedes nematode populations and behaviors in rice seeds, damages the nematode cuticle, and induces reactive oxygen species, lipofuscin, and lipid generation within the nematodes.

Antibiofilm agent prodrug 1 (Compound 5c) demonstrates antibacterial properties by inhibiting biofilm formation and iron uptake. It effectively suppresses Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.07 μM. In addition, Antibiofilm agent prodrug 1 exhibits anti-infective activity in Caenorhabditis elegans, enhancing the survival rate of the nematodes.

Luxabendazole is a benzimidazole carbamate broad-spectrum anthelmintic agent. It has proved to be effective against immature and adult stages of the major gastrointestinal nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes.

CD 1530 is a selective and potent RARγ agonist (Kd:150 nM) with potential anticancer activity, shows insecticidal activity against Cryptobacterium hidradii nematodes, and can be used to study oral carcinogenesis.

ML358 is a selective SKN-1 pathway inhibitor involved in drug detoxification and resistance in nematodes.

Amidantel hydrochloride is a new aminophenylamidine with an interesting anthelminthic spectrum. In rodents the compound is active against nematodes, filariae and cestodes. Of special interest is the high efficacy in dogs against hookworms and large roundw

Amidantel free base is a new aminophenylamidine with an interesting anthelminthic spectrum. In rodents the compound is active against nematodes, filariae and cestodes. Of special interest is the high efficacy in dogs against hookworms and large roundworms

Doramectin aglycone is an acid degradation product of doramectin , a disaccharide-containing anthelmintic that potentiates glutamate- and GABA-gated chloride channel opening in nematodes, and its acid-catalyzed hydrolysis product doramectin monosaccharide . Doramectin undergoes one round of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis to form doramectin monosaccharide which is then hydrolyzed again to remove the remaining saccharide unit and form doramectin aglycone.

Doramectin monosaccharide is an acid degradation product of doramectin, a disaccharide-containing anthelmintic that potentiates glutamate- and GABA-gated chloride channel opening in nematodes. Doramectin undergoes acid-catalyzed hydrolysis to form doramectin monosaccharide.

Nanchangmycin (Nanchangmycin A), a polyether antibiotic, is similar to the structure of dianemycin. It is very potent against the broad spectrum of harmful nematodes and insects but not for mammals and plants.

Emodepside (Bay 44-4400) is an anthelmintic drug that is effective against a number of gastrointestinal nematodes,with broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity.

Fosthiazate is a broad-spectrum nematicide that combats a range of plant parasitic nematodes, including Meloidogyne spp., Globodera spp., and Pratylenchus spp., by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase synthesis [1].