ganglioside gm1.

Ganglioside GM1 is one of the major sphingolipids (GSLs) on the cell surface of the central nervous system (CNS), which is protective of the CNS and is used in the study of neurological disorders.Ganglioside GM1 exerts protection against glutamate excitotoxicity through its oligosaccharides in wild-type and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons.

C16 Ganglioside GM1 (d18:1/16:0) (C16-GM1) ammonium, a member of the ganglioside family, features a saturated C16:0 acyl chain. It serves as a functional receptor for the cholera toxin B subunit, although it exhibits lower efficiency in endocytic and retrograde transport pathways. C16 Ganglioside GM1 (d18:1/16:0) ammonium is applicable in diarrhea disease research.

C24:1 Ganglioside GM1 (d18:1/24:1) (ammonium) is a monosialylated ganglioside containing nervonic acid.

C24:1 Ganglioside GM1 (d18:1/24:1) (C24:1-GM1) is a monosialylated ganglioside that contains nervonic acid.

Ganglioside GM1 asialo is a component of cellular lipid rafts and can be formed by the cleavage of the sialic acid residue from ganglioside GM1 by neuraminidase. Ganglioside GM1 asialo is a glycolipid receptor for P. aeruginosa flagellin and stimulates defensive responses in host cells, including extracellular ATP release, calcium mobilization, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation when stimulated by flagellin and an anti-ganglioside GM1 asialo antibody. The percentage of ganglioside GM1 asialo-positive natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells in lung is increased in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection compared with healthy animals. Depletion of ganglioside GM1 asialo-positive NK and T cells reduces IFN-γ levels in the lung, reduces weight loss, and increases lung viral load in RSV-infected mice. Ganglioside GM1 asialo mixture contains ganglioside GM1 asialo molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

Ganglioside GM1is a monosialylated ganglioside and the prototypic ganglioside for those containing one sialic acid residue.1,2It is found in a large variety of cells, including immune cells and neurons, and is enriched in lipid rafts in the cell membrane.3It associates with growth factor receptors, including TrkA, TrkB, and the GDNF receptor complex containing Ret and GFRα, and is required for TrkA expression on the cell surface. Ganglioside GM1interacts with other proteins to increase calcium influx, affecting various calcium-dependent processes, including inducing neuronal outgrowth during differentiation. Ganglioside GM1acts as a receptor for cholera toxin, which binds to its oligosaccharide group, facilitating toxin cell entry into epithelial cells of the jejunum.4,5Similarly, it is bound by the heat-labile enterotoxin fromE. coliin the pathogenesis of traveler's diarrhea.6Ganglioside GM1gangliosidosis, characterized by a deficiency in GM1-β-galactosidase, the enzyme that degrades ganglioside GM1, leads to accumulation of the gangliosides GM1and GA1in neurons and can be fatal in infants.1Levels of ganglioside GM1are decreased in the substantia nigra pars compacta in postmortem brain from patients with Parkinson's disease.3Ganglioside GM1mixture contains a mixture of ovine ganglioside GM1molecular species with primarily C18:0 fatty acyl chain lengths, among various others. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1544] 1.Kolter, T.Ganglioside biochemistryISRN Biochem.506160(2012) 2.Mocchetti, I.Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and repair, and the neurotrophinsCell Mol. Life Sci.62(19-20)2283-2294(2005) 3.Ledeen, R.W., and Wu, G.The multi-tasked life of GM1 ganglioside, a true factotum of natureTrends Biochem. Sci.40(7)407-418(2015) 4.Turnbull, W.B., Precious, B.L., and Homans, S.W.Dissecting the cholera toxin-ganglioside GM1 interaction by isothermal titration calorimetryJ. Am. Chem. Soc.126(4)1047-1054(2004) 5.Blank, N., Schiller, M., Krienke, S., et al.Cholera toxin binds to lipid rafts but has a limited specificity for ganglioside GM1Immunol. Cell Biol.85(5)378-382(2007) 6.Minke, W.E., Roach, C., Hol, W.G., et al.Structure-based exploration of the ganglioside GM1 binding sites of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin for the discovery of receptor antagonistsBiochemistry38(18)5684-5692(1999)

Ganglioside GM1, a monosialylated ganglioside and the prototypical ganglioside, contains a single sialic acid residue. C18 Ganglioside GM1 is predominantly located in the brain, especially in the piriform cortex, amygdala nucleus, striatum, and hippocampal CA1 region. The C18 ganglioside GM1 (d20:1/18:0) to (d18:1/18:0) ratio is reduced in the outer molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease patients' postmortem tissue. Since this product is naturally sourced, variations in the sphingoid backbone may occur. [Matreya, LLC.]

Ganglioside GM1-binding peptide sp3 is a synthetically engineered peptide that specifically binds to the pentasaccharide region of GM1 ganglioside. The dynamic transitions of Ganglioside GM1-binding peptide sp3 may play a crucial role in the functions of GM1 as a receptor for various ligands, such as in the conventional pathway of cholera toxin infection. This peptide is useful for studies on the interactions between GM1 and its ligands.

Lysoganglioside-GM1 (LysoGM1) ammonium is a derivative of Monosialoganglioside GM1, lacking the fatty acid component. It serves as an inhibitor of GM1 aggregation and can also inhibit the activation of Lyn as well as neurite outgrowth mediated by laminin-1. Lysoganglioside-GM1 ammonium is utilized in research on neurological disorders.

Liga 20 is a semisynthetic GM1 ganglioside with N-dichloroacetylsphingosine that protecting neurons in culture against glutamate toxicity.

GM1a Ganglioside oligosaccharide, a semisynthetic derivative of ganglioside GM1, serves as the natural receptor for cholera toxin and is crucial for both general growth regulation and the coupling of hormone-induced responses [1].

Fuc-GM1 Sphingosine (d18:1) serves as a precursor to the Fuc-GM1 ganglioside.

GM1 Sphingosine (d18:1) serves as a precursor to GM1 ganglioside.

C18:0 GM1(Neu5Gc) Ceramide (d18:1/18:0) is classified as a ganglioside.

C18:0 Fuc-GM1 Ceramide (d18:1/18:0) is a ganglioside useful in the synthesis of lipid nanoparticles for drug delivery.