a-lipoic acid

Alpha-Lipoic Acid Choline Ester is used potentially to treat presbyopia.

α-Lipoic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) an octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.

Lipoic acid (R-(+)-Thioctic acid) is an organosulfur compound derived from octanoic acid. It is made in animals normally, and is essential for aerobic metabolism.

α-Lipoic acid-NHS is an alkyl/ether-based PROTAC linker used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1].

α-Lipoic Acid sodium (Thioctic acid sodium) is an antioxidant and essential cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme complexes. It inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 replication, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and modulates SREBP-1, FOXO1, and Nrf2 to improve high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis.

GPR109 receptor agonist-3 is an orally active GPR109 receptor agonist with an IC50 of 310 nM. It retains the antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of lipoic acid. In rats on a high-fat diet, GPR109 receptor agonist-3 reduces total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). This compound is applicable for atherosclerosis research.

(R)-Dihydrolipoic acid is a R-isomer of Dihydrolipoic acid. It is optically active, but only the R-enantiomer is biochemically significant. The lipoic acid/dihydrolipoic acid pair participate in a variety of biochemical transformations.

α-Lipoic acid is a cyclic disulfide antioxidant that interconverts with its reduced dithiol form. It is an essential cofactor for decarboxylation reactions of the citric acid cycle and acts as a general antioxidant. AN-7 is a more lipophilic analog of α-lipoic acid with enhanced potency and 1.5-fold increased maximal capacity to stimulate glucose transport into myocytes. This identifies the analogs of lipoic acid as potential new treatments for diabetes.

Anti-diabetic drugs of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) structural class as well as α-lipoic acid activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a nuclear transcription factor that controls glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis. CAY10506 is a hybrid lipoic acid-TZD derivative that transactivates human PPARγ with an EC50 value of 10 μM.

Devimistat (6,8-Bis(benzylthio)octanoic acid) , a lipoate analog, inhibits mitochondrial enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, disrupts tumor cell mitochondrial metabolism. It has potential chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities, and has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Lymphoma, Solid Tumors, Advanced Cancer, and Pancreatic Cancer, among others.

CPUL1, a TrxR inhibitor, exhibits proliferation-inhibitory and anti-metastatic effects on A549 cells by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the induction of ROS-mediated ERK/JNK signaling, achieved by inhibiting TrxR1 enzyme activity. The efficacy of CPUL1 is enhanced when used in conjunction with α-Lipoic Acid or Dithiodipropionic acid [1].

LA-Bac8c, a lipoic acid-modified antimicrobial peptide, exhibits improved antimicrobial efficacy. It effectively inhibits S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, demonstrating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1, 4, 8, 8, and 8 μg/mL, respectively [1].

11-Azidoundecanoic acid, a click chemistry reagent with an azide group, serves as a hydrophobic bioconjugation linker amenable to further modification via Staudinger ligation or Click chemistry. This compound is recognized as a substrate by lipoic acid ligase (LpIA) for labeling purposes [1] [2]. Additionally, 11-Azidoundecanoic acid can participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with alkyne-bearing molecules and engage in strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules featuring DBCO or BCN groups.

6Arm-PEG-LA (MW 3400) is a PEG derivative formed by conjugating six-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) with lipoic acid, and it can be utilized in research related to drug delivery and other applications.

DBCO-PEG-LA (MW 400) is a PEG derivative composed of DBCO, PEG units, and Lipoic Acid. This compound contains a DBCO group, enabling it to undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules that possess azide groups.

6Arm-PEG-LA (MW 600) is a PEG derivative formed by the conjugation of six-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) with Lipoic Acid. It is used in research applications such as drug delivery.

DBCO-PEG-LA (MW 1000) is a PEG derivative composed of DBCO, PEG units, and Lipoic Acid. It contains a DBCO group, enabling it to engage in strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules that have azide groups.

6Arm-PEG-LA (MW 400) is a PEG derivative formed by the conjugation of six-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) with Lipoic Acid. It can be utilized in research applications such as drug delivery.

6Arm-PEG-LA (MW 10000) is a PEG derivative formed by conjugating six-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) with Lipoic Acid. It is useful in research related to drug delivery and other applications.

6Arm-PEG-LA (MW 1000) is a derivative of polyethylene glycol (PEG) characterized by a six-arm structure conjugated with Lipoic Acid, suitable for research applications such as drug delivery.

DBCO-PEG-LA (MW 5000) is a PEG derivative composed of DBCO, PEG units, and Lipoic Acid. This compound contains a DBCO group that facilitates strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules that have Azide groups.

DBCO-PEG-LA (MW 2000) is a PEG derivative composed of DBCO, PEG units, and Lipoic Acid. It contains a DBCO group, which enables it to participate in strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with azide-containing molecules.

DBCO-PEG-LA (MW 600) is a PEG derivative composed of DBCO, PEG units, and Lipoic Acid. Featuring a DBCO group, it can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing azide groups.

6Arm-PEG-LA (MW 5000) is a PEG derivative created by conjugating six-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) with Lipoic Acid, and it is applicable in drug delivery research.