a-lipoic acid

Alpha-Lipoic Acid Choline Ester is used potentially to treat presbyopia.

α-Lipoic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) an octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.

Lipoic acid (R-(+)-Thioctic acid) is an organosulfur compound derived from octanoic acid. It is made in animals normally, and is essential for aerobic metabolism.

α-Lipoic Acid (Alphalipoic acid) inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells.α-Lipoic Acid is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes.

α-Lipoic acid-NHS is an alkyl ether-based PROTAC linker used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1].

(R)-Dihydrolipoic acid is a R-isomer of Dihydrolipoic acid. It is optically active, but only the R-enantiomer is biochemically significant. The lipoic acid dihydrolipoic acid pair participate in a variety of biochemical transformations.

α-Lipoic acid is a cyclic disulfide antioxidant that interconverts with its reduced dithiol form. It is an essential cofactor for decarboxylation reactions of the citric acid cycle and acts as a general antioxidant. AN-7 is a more lipophilic analog of α-lipoic acid with enhanced potency and 1.5-fold increased maximal capacity to stimulate glucose transport into myocytes. This identifies the analogs of lipoic acid as potential new treatments for diabetes.

Anti-diabetic drugs of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) structural class as well as α-lipoic acid activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a nuclear transcription factor that controls glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis. CAY10506 is a hybrid lipoic acid-TZD derivative that transactivates human PPARγ with an EC50 value of 10 μM.

Devimistat (6,8-Bis(benzylthio)octanoic acid) , a lipoate analog, inhibits mitochondrial enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, disrupts tumor cell mitochondrial metabolism. It has potential chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities, and has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Lymphoma, Solid Tumors, Advanced Cancer, and Pancreatic Cancer, among others.

α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) sodium, an essential cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme complexes, functions as an antioxidant. It suppresses NF-κB-dependent activation of HIV-1 LTR [1] [2] [3] and induces ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells [4]. Furthermore, when combined with CPUL1 to form the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, α-Lipoic Acid sodium enhances antitumor efficacy compared to CPUL1 alone [5].

CPUL1, a TrxR inhibitor, exhibits proliferation-inhibitory and anti-metastatic effects on A549 cells by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the induction of ROS-mediated ERK JNK signaling, achieved by inhibiting TrxR1 enzyme activity. The efficacy of CPUL1 is enhanced when used in conjunction with α-Lipoic Acid or Dithiodipropionic acid [1].

LA-Bac8c, a lipoic acid-modified antimicrobial peptide, exhibits improved antimicrobial efficacy. It effectively inhibits S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, demonstrating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1, 4, 8, 8, and 8 μg mL, respectively [1].

11-Azidoundecanoic acid, a click chemistry reagent with an azide group, serves as a hydrophobic bioconjugation linker amenable to further modification via Staudinger ligation or Click chemistry. This compound is recognized as a substrate by lipoic acid ligase (LpIA) for labeling purposes [1] [2]. Additionally, 11-Azidoundecanoic acid can participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with alkyne-bearing molecules and engage in strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules featuring DBCO or BCN groups.

(S)-Thioctic acid [(S)-lipoic acid; (S)-5-(1,2-Dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoic acid] is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biomaterial or an organic compound in life science research.