α-lipoic acid

α-Lipoic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) an octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.

Andrographolide-lipoic acid is an analogue of Andrographolide, synthesized through the conjugation of Andrographolide and Lipoic acid. It inhibits NF-κB and exhibits anti-diabetic effects as well as protective effects on β-cells.

α-Lipoic Acid sodium (Thioctic acid sodium) is an antioxidant and essential cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme complexes. It inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 replication, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and modulates SREBP-1, FOXO1, and Nrf2 to improve high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis.

Lipoic acid (R-(+)-Thioctic acid) is an organosulfur compound derived from octanoic acid. It is made in animals normally, and is essential for aerobic metabolism.